Anthropological Studies


Estimation of Age from Developed Teeth

Article Number: ESU268575 Volume 06 | Issue 01 | April- 2023 ISSN: 2581-4966
10th Feb, 2023
02nd Mar, 2023
24th Mar, 2023
27th Apr, 2023

Authors

Sushmita, Ashi Yadav, Arti Varshney

Abstract

A significant aspect of establishing a person's identity in various legal, forensic, or anthropological study contexts is age estimation. There is evidence that hormonal issues and poor nutrition have a relatively lower impact on dental development than skeletal development. Determining dental age is basically done using two methods: radiographically and clinically. The development of teeth determines the clinical approach to measure dental age. This tactic is better because it is more practical, doesn't require any special equipment, and is less expensive. The best choice for determining age is based on tooth arrangement because it has less variation than other advancement factors. One of the changes that can be clearly seen among the many distinctive ones that take place from tooth development to the final shedding of teeth is the emission of teeth. Keywords: Age estimation, dental age, forensic, tooth development.

Introduction

A critical task that is regularly performed in the medical and legal domains is age estimation. When administering justice to a party in a civil or criminal case, it is frequently required to determine the age of the subject. While the permanent teeth will aid in determining age from six years to twenty-five years, the temporary teeth will guide from six months to thirty-three months. It is well-recognized that dietary, climatic, racial, and geographic variables have a greater impact on tooth emergence (Hachem et al., 2020).

The branch of forensic medicine that deals with the examination of teeth is called forensic odontology. When it comes to criminal responsibilities, identification, judicial punishment, consent, rape, criminal abortion, employment, reaching the age of majority, kidnapping, and prostitution, law enforcement agencies in developing nations like India must be able to access the date of birth of a sizeable portion of the population (Pathak et al., 1999). Dental age can be determined clinically and radiographically by observing the growth of new teeth.

It is feasible to observe the development of tooth crowns and roots, as well as their calcification, using radiographic techniques. By seeing the calcification of roots, this is somewhat doable when a child is small, but as they become older, it becomes impossible. The appearance of teeth in the mouth is the foundation for the clinical procedure to determine dental age. This method is better because it is more practical, less expensive, and doesn't need any specialized tools or knowledge.

The best method for determining age is tooth development because there are fewer differences than with other development variables. Charts and tables are provided for the estimation of age during the period of tooth development, emergence, and calcification. The table of Krenfild and Logan, which was later modified by Kronfild and Schour (1939), is commonly used for this purpose, according to McDonald and Avery (1998).

According to Gonzales et al., a person's teeth during childhood and adolescence can properly identify their age. Except for the third molars or wisdom teeth, all permanent teeth erupt between the ages of twelve and fourteen years after the eruption of the first permanent tooth (Polson et al., 1967). A child's first tooth often erupts when they are age group of six and eight months, according to Polson. When all of a baby's baby teeth fall out, the child is roughly two years old. Boys typically get their first permanent molars between the ages of 73 and 74 months, while girls typically do so between the ages of 70 and 72 months. It took boys and girls, on average, 72 to 84 months and 69 to 79 months, respectively, for the central incisors to erupt. The eruption of third molars varies, and they are susceptible to impaction. When they are present, one is older than 17 years old (Smith et al., 1955).

According to Smith, teeth in the lower jaw erupt more quickly than those in the upper jaw. The eruption of the lower central incisors marks the beginning of temporary dentition, which lasts until the eruption of the second molars at 24 months of age. Third molar (wisdom teeth) eruption occurs age group of 17 to 21 to complete the permanent dentition, which starts at age 6 with the eruption of the first molar behind the second maxillary temporary teeth. Wisdom teeth seldom erupt before the age of seventeen, and their eruption is extremely varied (Dahiya et al., 2013).

References

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Smith, Sydney, and Frederick Smith Fiddes. Forensic Medicine: A Textbook for Students and Practitioners. 1955.

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