Authors
Ms. Bhagyashree Kulkarni, Dr. V. S. Padhye, Ms. Mohini Kumari Singh
Abstract
A significant challenge in today’s times that remains majorly in urban settings associated with extensive web access is of cyberbullying. The current research paper studies the gender differences on the impact of cyberbullying pertaining to general health amongst secondary school students in Mumbai. The sample comprised of 1622 students (Male= 823 Female=801) from 10 schools in the city. Cyberbullying scale by Stewart & John Young was used to measure cyberbullying and General Health Questionnaire by D. P. Goldberg and V. F. Hillier was used for this purpose. No significant difference was observed amongst male (M=10.15, SD=8.64) and female (M=9.53, SD=7.68) students, t (1622) = 1.54, p>.05 Findings suggest that that there is no significant difference when it comes to experiencing cyberbullying in the urban settings, as both genders are equally vulnerable as well as aware of the ramifications and physical and mental health issues associated. These findings facilitate exploring the psychological and social dynamics interplay in the experience of cyberbullying in Mumbai providing insight for tailored actions for forestalling and salubrity.
Cybernetic mechanism permeates many people’s lives, especially, teenagers from screen time to digital learning to fostering virtual connections and utilizing social communication tools (Ngantcha, et al., 2018 and Ofcom U., 2016). Subsequent to the 2007 iPhone launch and the android operating system launched in 2008 the performance specifications of digital devices have gained greater portability, and so have their prevalence and ubiquity, augmenting ownership of gizmo by teenagers to kindergarten (Mascheroni and Cuman, 2014 and Ofcom U. 2017).
Even though advantages and prospects enabled by cellular technology, concerns have been expressed about the burgeoning development of harmful online behaviour involving trolling, cyberstalking, doxing, flaming, hateful speech and defamation, cyberbullying, against teenagers as indicated by sources are far-reaching on internet community (Kwan and Skoric, 2013 and Smith, Mahdavi, Carvalho, et al., 2008). Snapchat and Instagram have garnered more active users than Facebook in prominence in adolescence (Statista, 2019). National press coverage of adolescent self- harm and suicides associated with cyberbullying boosted its political clout (Adams, 2019 and Lynch, 2018). In the face of serious concerns shared between parent- professional partnership/ interprofessional collaboration and teenagers, the U.K government published the digital charter in 2018 (Digital Charter, Department for Digital Culture Media & Sport, 2018) regarding technology facilitated violence/ abuse instituting procedures and protocols for the information highway and commenced examination of repercussions of social networking and screen time on teenager’s psychological health and mental balance (All Party Parliamentary Group, House of Commons Science and Technology Committee, 2019). This necessitated corporate social responsibility (CSR) and legislated code of conduct and accountable reporting (Digital Charter, Department for Digital Culture Media & Sport, 2018). It is expected that new enactments put to effect guarantee content moderation and make user safety a prime concern particularly for teenagers, children and at-risk adults.
By and large, 20-40 percent of teenagers has been cyberbullied at least once in a lifetime (Smith, Mahdavi, Carvalho, et al., 2008; Kowalski, et al., 2008; Dehue, et al., 2008; Patchin and Hinduja, 2008; Li, 2007 and 2008; Aricak, Siyahhan, Uzunhasanoglu, et al., 2008; Topçu, Erdur-Baker, and Çapa-Aydin, 2008; Ybarra and Mitchell, 2004) and is closely connected with depression, low self-esteem (Ybarra and Mitchell, 2008; Ybarra, Wolak and Finkelhor, 2006) and suicidal ideation (Hinduja and Patchin, 2010).
Variables linked to cyberbullying showed discrepancies in different investigations. Nonetheless, the preponderance of evidence suggests that memoirs of conventional bullying was subjected to online abuse (Ybarra, 2004; Chang, et al., 2013; Juvonen and Gross, 2008; Ybarra and Mitchell, 2008; Ybarra, Wolak and Finkelhor, 2006; Sourander, et al., 2010; Schneider, et al., 2012; Wang, Nansel, Iannotti, et al., 2011). Factors linked with cyberbullying included extensive use of daily internet use more than three hours (Ybarra, 2004; Ybarra and Mitchell, 2008; Ybarra, Wolak and Finkelhor, 2006; Sourander, et al., 2010), use of instant messaging (Juvonen and Gross, 2008; Ybarra and Mitchell, 2008; Ybarra, Wolak and Finkelhor, 2006; Sourander, et al., 2010), relationship problems (Ybarra, 2004; Ybarra and Mitchell, 2008; Ybarra, Wolak and Finkelhor, 2006; Sourander, et al., 2010), hyperactivity-inattention problems, behaviour problems (Sourander, et al., 2010), school related problems (Chang, et al., 2013; Sourander, et al., 2010; Schneider, et al., 2012) and unsafe internet behaviour, disclosing personal details streaming online and cyber harassment (Ybarra, 2004; Chang, et al., 2013; Juvonen and Gross, 2008; Ybarra and Mitchell, 2008; Ybarra, Wolak and Finkelhor, 2006).
Teenagers in current times run at a risk of distinct social dynamics integrated technologically and social networking, for instance digital bullying, likely to amplify their vulnerability for mental disorders and suicidal ideation.
Digital victimization is linked with teenager’s mental health challenges (Fisher, et al., 2016; Bannink, et al., 2014; Hinduja and Patchin, 2010). For instance, a recent meta-analysis indicated a correlation between digital victimization as well as emotional (depression, anxiety, anger) and misbehaviour (aggression, substance use, risky sexual behaviour) with Pearson’s ranging from 0.14 to 0.34 (Fisher, et al., 2016).
In spite of the fact that digital victimization connected with heightened risk of teenager’s mental illness, it is vague whether the extent of the risk differs for males v. females. Given teenager females’ predisposition to depression in the context of strained relationships (Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus, 1994), it is reasonable to assume that this vulnerability may encompass to cyberbullying (Bor, et al., 2014; Hammen, 2003).
In accordance with previous research findings, teenager females showed considerably higher rates of occurrence of digital victimization than their male equivalent (Beckman, Hagquist and Hellstrom, 2013). This unequal risk of harm is somewhat interpretable by identity-specific social networks. For instance, findings point that female teenagers are inclined to use social media for interpersonal relationships than their male counterparts (Barlett and Coyne, 2014) tend to experience relational aggression more often.
The government of India stated 10.5% of youthful adult being cyber harassed (Mukherjee, et al., 2019), on the other hand Bangladesh found 32% of teenagers aged 14-17 were those targeted by online harassment, with 27% grappling with emotional suffering (Mallik and Radwan, 2020).
Extensive research has shown that digital victimization results in adverse effects throughout the formative years of teenagers, with subjected to online harassment prone to depression and anxiety, along with engaging in self-harming behaviours and experiencing suicidal ideation (Nguyen, Nakamura and Seino, et al., 2020; John, Glendenning and Marchant, et al., 2018; van Geel, Vedder and Tanilon, 2014; Maurya, et al., 2022).
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| APA Style | Kulkarni, B., Padhye, V. S., & Singh, M. K. (2026). Impact of cyberbullying pertaining to health amongst male and female secondary school students in Mumbai. Academic Journal of Forensic Sciences, 9(1), 1–21. |
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