Introduction

In developed and developing countries, the increasing quantity of solid waste is one of the rising problems. The rural population are shifting to the urban areas in the search of employment as the growth in industrialization area. Approximately, 1, 20,000 tonnes/day solid waste materials are produced by India. Waste processing are uncontrolled due to which water and soil pollution occur. There are various methods of disposal of organic solid wastes such as physical, chemical and microbiological methods which are time consuming and expensive.

These waste materials are used to generate the fuel called biofuel. These biofuel are comes under the renewable energy sources because it is developed from the waste materials of plant, crop and agricultural activities. Renewable energy has become most popular because of the declining the fossil fuels, a conventional energy source. The industries and population have a large demand of fuels to full-fill their demands. On the demand, Government started the use of alternative sources of energy such as biomass, biofuel, biohydrogen etc.

One source of solar energy is also biomass that is collected by plants and other organic materials produced by animals and plants. Crops, tree and food waste are the biomass feedstock that can produce more convenient energy such as solid fuels (wood chips, pellets, briquettes), liquid fuels (methanol, ethanol, bio-diesel, bio-oil) and gaseous fuels (synthesis gas, biogas, hydrogen). Liquid fuels such as bio-ethanol and bio diesel are useful for transportation purposes because of their characteristics such as high energy density and handling convenience.