Anthropological Studies
[Abbr: Acd. Jr. AJASt]Identification of Burnt Body through Different Techniques
by Kratika Mishra
The burned bodies also plays a vital role in showing various significant changes in both the physical as well as chemical properties and that might be create the obstacles to the anthropological tests as well. The burnt remains resemble the heat increases the difficulties in the identification of bone which is completely dependent on the exposure temperature. The present study focus on the discussion of different techniques for the purpose of identify individuality of a person from the burned remains. Here covering the major aspect there involved different techniques named FTIR, X-Ray, PMCT (Post-mortem Computed Tomography) which plays a vital role in dealing with the burnt remains like bones teeth etc. The review basically summarize the different application of technique used which is ultimately helpful in anthropological research of the burnt remains and also enlisted to make aware with the advanced technologies for the anthropological analysis. The study forces on the challenges faces by the anthropologist while determining the identification in the manner of person’s identification as the burned buries remnants. Keywords: Burned Remnants, PMCT, X-Ray, FTIR
Status of Health and Healthcare: an Anthropological Study of the Institutionalised Aged
by Nirja Singh, Shuchi Srivastava
Health and medical care is a major problem of the aged. Even, when one is not suffering from any disease, one experiences a gradual decline in physical strength with the growing age. But, in most cases the advanced age brings with it some chronic ailment and some of the aged get bedridden. They depend on others for their mobility and need medical care. This Anthropological study has been conducted to know about various aspects of health and related problems among the inmates of old age homes in Lucknow city, which included both the primary as well as secondary sources of data. The sample consisted of 50 institutionalized aged persons, including 25 males and 25 females selected through random sampling. It is concluded that health of the elderly people deteriorates with increasing age gradually which is a part of the natural process; and in this state of functional limitations, these inmates are getting the help and support from old homes in spite of their families. They depend upon the staff and fellow inmates. The overall picture reveals that only a small percentage is satisfied with the medical assistance and care. Thus, much remains to be done for the health care of the institutionalized aged in Lucknow. Key Words: Institutionalized Aged, Old Age Homes, Health Problems, Healthcare
Role of Mitochondrial DNA in Human Evolution and Migration
by Garima Jindal
Many years ago, when the population was being increased day by day, then the people started to migrate from their places and lived to another places. Before some decades, many scientists and researchers wanted to know how the evolution took place and where the people migrated from their origin place. For this they studied the histories and different methods. After many researches and studies, the molecular biology was used for the purpose to know the human evolution and their migration. In the molecular biology, Mitochondrial DNA is considered as the best method as it has many unique features such as maternal inheritance, lack of recombination, several copies of mtDNA in mitochondria, and high mutation rate as compared to the nuclear DNA. And mtDNA is resistant to degrade and more stable in unfavorable conditions. This paper discuss about the review of many author and researchers about the human evolution and their migration through the analysis of Mitochondrial DNA. Keywords: Mitochondrial DNA, Evolution, Migration, Molecular Biology
Forensic Anthropologist role in Disaster Management
by Gunjan Jindal
In forensic anthropology, it is the most important to identify the victims who died in the mass disaster incident in which forensic anthropologists play a significant role for human’s personal identification. In this incidents, persons were dead by human made disaster includes bomb blast, through which, body parts of person were fragmented into small pieces which are not recognizable. After occur this incident, victims were identified by developing the expert’s services in many disciplines which consist of anthropologist, radiologist, fingerprint, pathologists, DNA experts, etc. The disaster victim identification (DVI) process are used in many countries for the identification of mass disaster which consists four phases such as antemortem, postmortem, scene and reconciliation. The process of DVI is not a new discovery in which identification was conducted and beyond the identification, documenting and recording are also conducted. In this paper, we will discuss about the role of forensic anthropologist at the disaster scene and how to identify the victim. Keywords: Disaster Victim Identification, Bomb Blast, Forensic Anthropologist
Analysis of Trauma in Skeletal Remains
by Dr. Ranjeet Kumar Singh
In the forensic field, the study of the skeletal remains is an important task for the anthropologists to solve the mystery of an individual. In their investigation, they work on the skeletal remains and give their opinion on the identification of individuals through the age, race, sex and stature, cause of death as well as manner of death. For the determination of these features, the trauma analysis is very crucial part in anthropology. Trauma is the injury on the tissue due to external force. It may occur before death called antemortem trauma, at the time of death called perimortem trauma or after death called postmortem trauma. After observing the fractures or trauma, the anthropologist find out whether it is the antemortem, perimortem or postmortem based on the healing process and vital biochemical reaction which occur during the life. These traumatic injuries also reveal the type of weapon which was used to create these injuries. In this paper, we reviewed on the analysis of trauma in skeletal analysis and it also discussed some techniques such as CT scan, MDCT, and SEM etc. which are used to visualize the traumatic injuries. Keywords: Ante mortem Trauma, Peri mortem Trauma, Postmortem Trauma, Techniques
The Importance of Hyoid Bone in Personal Identification
by Niharika Mishra
Neck, a part of human body consists so many bones in which hyoid bone is one of them. The hyoid bone has unique structure and also support the different functions of the speech and swallowing. At the time of birth, the hyoid bone consists of the central body and pairs of right and left greater and lesser cornua. The fusion of greater cornua occurs with normal body at certain age, but not occur in all individuals. The hyoid bone plays a crucial role in the identification of cause of death as it is fractured in cases of throttling, hanging and strangulation that is come under the department of Forensic Medicine for the purpose of examination of post-mortem. During the post mortem, the forensic pathologist try to find out the cause and manner of death, if hyoid bone is found to be fractured, the suspicion arouse and that leads to the investigation to solve the mystery. In this paper, we discussed about the role of hyoid bone in solving the case. Keywords: Hyoid Bone, Greater and Lesser Cornua, Hanging, Strangulation, Throttling