Anthropological Studies
[Abbr: Acd. Jr. AJASt]
Middle Childhood Health with Special Reference to Nutritional Status and Body-Mass Index
by Nirja Singh
The middle childhood years are a unique developmental time when children undergo critical physical, cognitive, and social changes. Monitoring of growth and development during this stage is important for improving overall health. Further, culturally based interventions are known to have better success rate in improving access and utilization of health services. In this regard, the present paper has been conducted to know about the status of the middle childhood health with reference to nutritional status and BMI among the Pasi of Lucknow city, which is one of the largest scheduled caste (SC) groups of Uttar Pradesh, India. The study includes sample of 300 Pasi children, belonging to age group of 6 - 11 years, selected through random sampling. It is found that in these people intake of food is to fill the stomach or overcome the hunger rather than for health. It is fact of quantity versus quality and need versus awareness. The reflection of nutritional intake in food through body mass index shows that there is an imbalance not only in the kind of nutrient intake but also in the quantity (calorie intake). The findings of the study have also been compared with other significant national and international studies. Key Words: Middle Childhood, Scheduled Caste, Health, Nutrition, BMI.
The distribution of fingerprint patterns with gender in Delhi, India Population –A Comparative Study
by Kaneeka Joshi
Dactylography or Dactyloscopy is the study of fingerprints for the purpose of Identification. It is a progressing science and new methods are recording and developing. The potential for the examination to determine the sex and identification of an individual has been well documented and recorded. Identification using fingerprints is absolute and infallible. Few studies have been conducted and published using fingerprint patterns for the identification of distribution of fingerprint patterns among males and females. The aim of the present study is to establish the prevalent character in both sexes (male and female) in accordance to Indian population (North Delhi region) and then comparison was performed between the fingerprint patterns of the population. Material and Methods-This present study was conducted on 100 males and 100 females of Indian (North Delhi) population aged between 25-40 years. Rolled fingerprints were recorded using ink pad, and the identification of patterns was performed. Each subject was suggested to press their fingers uniformly on the ink stamp pad and then transfer the prints onto plain white paper. The major pattern and their subtypes were identified and analyzed for finding differences in gender. The data were tabulated and represented in graphical form. Results and Conclusion -Loops were found to be of most common type of pattern in both males and females followed by whorls. Ulnar loops are predominant in finding in population. Further in the present study the patterns and their subtypes were compared and then tabulated which reveals a significant difference for each pattern. Key Words: Dactyloscopy, Ulnar loops, Gender Identification, fingerprint, fingerprint patterns
Sexual Dimorphism from Hand Measurement: A Comparative approach
by Kratika Mishra
Sexual dimorphism is considered as the foremost and significant criteria for establishing the identity of an individual such as in the cases of mass disaster for the identification of mutilated bodies, any medico legal practices. It can be realized that the measurement of hand with the help of anthropometric measurement was used as a tool for sex determination. Hence there are various research work which is being in process for assessing the sex, stature, race etc. of an individual with the help of the anthropometric measurement. The anthropometric measurement of hand, foot, ear etc. are useful in the determination of sex of an individual. The present study is based on the hand dimensions which is helpful in discriminating the male and female so as to investigate and predict the sex of an individual. This research work is useful in the investigation of various criminal cases, or the case related with any disaster where the determination of sex is difficult. Key Words: Sexual Dimorphism, Anthropometric measurement, Hand dimensions, Medico-legal practice
Sexual Dimorphism Based on Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurements of External Ear in Indian Population
by Neha Jain
Anthropometric measurements are considered to be a significant part while studying physical anthropology. This branch of physical anthropology involves measurements of the human beings in order to understand the physical variations occurred in humans on the basis of measurements of their morphological and physiological traits. External ear morphometric measurement is also an attribute of such anthropological studies which helps in determining the age, gender but also leads to successful identification of an individual. In the present study also, some physiognomic characteristics of external ear (shape of external ear and variation in ear lobe) along with the morphometric measurements and normal dimensions of total ear length and width (both right and left external ear) are taken from the population of India (North India) comprises of 100 individuals. The sampling procedure involves measurement from both males and females so as to make a comparison in such parameters which helps in determining the gender differences and thereby creates a data which leads to successful sexual dimorphism. Key Words: External ear, anthropometric measurements, physical variations, physiognomic characteristics, sexual dimorphism
Frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood group in North Indian population
by Priyanka Singh
ABO blood group is often known as a histo - blood group system as its antigens are expressed on the surface of the red blood cells and in addition to that also present on most of the tissues and in soluble forms in the secretions. The second most important blood group system is the Rhesus system and it is categorized into two group Rh positive and Rh negative. Both the ABO and Rh blood group system are important for blood transfusion, organ transplantation, paternal testing, legal medicine, population genetic study and also in the field of forensic science investigation purposes. The study was conducted to determine the frequency of ABO and Rh blood group in Northern India Population (Delhi and nearby states). The Blood was collected from the voluntarily participated donors and blood group was determined by simple agglutination method. During the study total 584 donors were screened and the results showed that the commonest ABO blood group was O (40.70%) followed by B (30.79%), A (17.56%) and AB (10.95%), Rh positive 82.85% and Rh negative 17.15% were found. In males the O (25.75%) positive was more common while in female B (35.45%) positive blood group was more common. Key Words: ABO, Rhesus factor, Blood groups, Antigens, Agglutination.
Histomorphological comparison of human hair among Brahmins and Domars of Uttar Pradesh
by Ranjeet Singh, M. P. Sachdeva
Scene of crime is rich in information that reveals the nature of the criminal activity and the identities of those person involved. During the course of a criminal investigation, many types of physical evidence are encountered from the scene of crime. One of the most commonly recovered evidence is hair in different cases like sexual assault, murder, mass disaster etc. Hairs help the investigators in scrutinizing the valuable information for potential leads. Human hair has both anthropological as well as forensic identification significance. Morphological and histological characteristics of human scalp hair have found its importance for racial classification, in forensic investigations, nutritional aspects and other biological studies. Anthropologists for a long time have recognized the colour, form and texture of the human scalp hair as a criterion for racial classification. In the present study, two diverse population groups (Brahmins and Domars) of Uttar Pradesh, India were considered and 823 individual’s samples were collected. In which 418 were Brahmins and 415 were Domar ranging in the age of 10 to 70. Every single hair has been examined for the thirteen different features such as hair colour, hair shaft form, hair texture, hair quantity, hair distal end characteristics, medulla distribution, hair shaft diameter, medulla diameter, medullary index, scale shape, number of scales per unit (2mm) length, scale count index, hair index for studying the range of variability that exists in terms of histomorphological characters of hair among population of Uttar Pradesh, India. Key Words: Human Hair, Hair Colour, Hair Shaft Form, Hair Texture, Hair Quantity, Hair Distal End Characteristics, Medulla Distribution, Hair Shaft Diameter, Medulla Diameter, Medullary Index, Scale Shape, Number of Scales Per Unit (2mm) Length, Scale Count Index, Hair Index.